Azimat, Obat, dan Legitimasi Kuasa: Kajian Parateks Naskah Islam Sulawesi Tenggara dan Jawa Barat

Abdullah Maulani

Abstract


This article examines Islamic manuscripts stored in several collections of the people of Southeast Sulawesi (Baubau) and West Java (Cirebon and Indramayu), which have been digitized by the EAP British Library and the Digital Repository of Endangered and Affected Manuscripts in Southeast Asia (DREAMSEA). The study was conducted based on a paratext approach which explains the elements outside the written text in the manuscript. Practically, Arabic script and language are widely used in religious texts to transmit knowledge and Islamic teachings. However, it is not widely revealed that Arabic script and language are also used as magical practices such as amulets, medicine, invulnerability, the knowledge of using weapons, and the like used in various conflicts, both with others and with the colonial side. On the other hand, this paper illustrates that Arabic script and language in the magical tradition became an inseparable part of efforts to legitimize rulers in the archipelago in the 19th century.


Keywords


Islamic Manuscripts; Amulets; Magic; Paratext; Power Legitimacy

Full Text:

PDF

References


Naskah-Naskah

DS 0017 00002 Koleksi Museum Bandar Cimanuk, Indramayu, Jawa Barat.

DS 0017 00003 Koleksi Museum Bandar Cimanuk, Indramayu, Jawa Barat.

[Doa Menggunakan Senjata] DS 0010 00003 Koleksi La Ode Zaenu, Baubau, Sulawesi Tenggara.

[Doa] DS 0010 00010 Koleksi La Ode Zaenu, Baubau, Sulawesi Tenggara.

Manuscript of Petarékan EAP211/1/1/41 Koleksi Bambang Irianto, Cirebon, Jawa Barat.

‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Bisṭāmī, Shams al-Āfāq fī ‘Ilm al-Ḥurūf wa al-Awfāq. Mss Arabe 2689 koleksi Bibliotheque Nationale de France.

Manakib Syaikh Abdul Qadir Jailani, LKK_CRB2014_TRK004 Koleksi Ki Tarka Sutarahardja, Indramayu, Jawa Barat.

Monograf

Al-Būnī, Aḥmad ibn ‘Ālī. 2006. Shams Al-Ma’ārif al-Kubrā. Beirut: Muassasah al-Nur li al-Mathbu’at.

Andaya, Leonard. 1981. The Heritage of Arung Palakka: A History of South Sulawesi (Celebes) in the Seventeenth Century. Leiden: Springer Netherlands.

Dols, Michael W. 2004. “The Theory of Magic in Healing.” In Magic and Divination in Early Islam, ed. Emilie Savage-Smith. Wiltshire: Ashgate Variorum, 87–102.

Ekhtiar, Maryam, and Rachel Parikh. 2020. “Power and Piety: Islamic Talismans on the Battlefield.” In Islamicate Occult Sciences in Theory and Practice, eds. Liana Saif, Francesca Leoni, Matthew Melvin-Koushki, and Farouk Yahya. Leiden: Brill, 420–53.

Firmanto, Alfan. 2016. “Naskah-Naskah Keagamaan Arjawinangun Pada Bambang Irianto Dan Elang Hilman.” In Penelusuran Naskah-Naskah Kuno Keagamaan Di Cirebon Dan Indramayu, ed. Chairul Arif. Jakarta: Balai Litbang Agama Jakarta.

Foucault, Michel. 1982. “The Subject and Power.” Critical Inquiry 8(4): 777–95.

Gallop, Annabel Teh. 2019. “The Ring of Solomon in Southeast Asia.” Blog British Library. https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2019/11/the-ring-of-solomon-in-southeast-asia.html.

Gardiner, Noah. 2017. “Esoteric Reading Communities and the Early Circulation of the Sufi Occultist Aḥmad Al-Būnī’s Works.” Arabica 64.

Genette, Gerard. 1987. Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hallum, Bink. 2020. “New Light on Early Arabic Awfāq Literature.” In Islamicate Occult Sciences in Theory and Practice, eds. Liana Saif, Francesca Leoni, Matthew Melvin-Koushki, and Farouk Yahya. Leiden: Brill, 57–161.

Henninger, Joseph. 2004. “Beliefs in Spirits Among The Pre-Islamic Arabs.” In Magic and Divination in Early Islam, ed. Emilie Savage-Smith. Wiltshire: Ashgate Variorum.

Hidayat, Roch Aris. 2018. “Sinkretisme dalam Naskah Sastra Mistik.” Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi) 4(1): 79–92.

Ikram, Achadiati, Tjiptaningrum Fuad Hassan, and Dewaki Kramadibrata. 2001. Katalog Naskah Buton Koleksi Abdul Mulku Zahari. Jakarta: Masyarakat Pernaskahan Nusantara.

Maulani, Abdullah. 2020. “Wawacan Layang Siti Hasanah: Edisi Teks Dan Terjemahan Disertai Analisis Resepsi.” Universitas Indonesia.

Peacock, A.C.S. 2019. “Arabic Manuscripts from Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, and the Literary Activities of Sultan Muḥammad ʿAydarūs (1824–1851).” Journal of Islamic Manuscripts 10(1): 44–83.

Purwadi. 2010. The History of Javanese Kings: Sejarah Raja-Raja Jawa. Yogyakarta: Ragam Media. //library.fis.uny.ac.id%2Fopac%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Dshow_detail%26id%3D1614 (May 14, 2022).

Ricci, Ronit. 2012. “Thresholds of Interpretation on the Threshold of Change: Paratexts in Late 19th-Century Javanese Manuscripts.” Journal of Islamic Manuscripts 3(2): 185–210.

Rosidi, Ajip. 1966. Kesusastraan Sunda Dewasa Ini. Jatiwangi: Cupumanik.

———. 2011. Wawacan. Bandung: PT. Kiblat Buku Utama.

Ruokkeinen, Sirkku, and Aino Liira. 2017. “Material Approaches to Exploring the Borders of Paratext.” Textual Cultures 11(1/2): 106–29.

Saefullah, Asep. 2016. “Naskah-Naskah Keagamaan Koleksi Keraton Kacirebonan.” In Penelusuran Naskah-Naskah Kuno Keagamaan Di Cirebon Dan Indramayu, ed. Chairul Arif. Jakarta: Balai Litbang Agama Jakarta.

Savage-Smith, Emilie. 2004. “Introduction Magic and Divination in Early Islam.” In Magic and Divination in Early Islam, Wiltshire: Ashgate Variorum.

Shihab, M. Quraish. 2003. Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an Volume 15. Jakarta: Lentera Hati. https://openlibrary.telkomuniversity.ac.id/pustaka/14790/tafsir-al-mishbah-pesan-kesan-dan-keserasian-al-qur-an-volume-1.html (May 14, 2022).

Skeat, Walter William. 1900. Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula. London: MacMillan and Co. Limited.

Steenbrink, Karel. 2007. “Indonesia.” In Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, eds. Kees Versteegh et al. Brill.

Wahyudi, M. Ilham. 2021. “Sunan Giri Dalam Legitimasi Kekuasaan Mataram Pada Babad Tanah Jawi.” Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara 12(2): 199–214.

Widyaningrum, Rahmatia Ayu. 2020. “Naskah Kutika Suku Bugis Di Kalimantan Timur: Kajian Filologi Dan Gagasan Ekofenomenologi.” Universitas Indonesia.

Winstedt, Richard. 1982. The Malay Magician : Being Shaman, Saiva and Sufi. London: Oxford University Press.

Yahya, Farouk. 2016. Magic and Divination in Malay Illustrated Manuscript. Leiden: Brill.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18784/smart.v8i1.1576
Abstract - 1218 PDF - 625

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.